The
sustainability of highly intensive irrigated rice cropping systems is of great
importance worldwide, particularly in the context of Rio+20.
With German support, long-term fertility experiments (LTFEs) for intensive rice-based irrigated
systems in the Senegal River valley were established at AfricaRice’s research
farms in the Senegal River delta and middle valley in 1991 and these trials
continue today.
These trials are without doubt
unique in Africa. The LTFEs contain six fertilizer treatments and rice is grown
twice a year. As of December 2010, some 40 crops had been grown in succession
on both research farms (Senegal River delta and middle valley).
The
main aim of this research is to analyze the effect of intensive irrigated rice
cropping on rice yield and the soil resource base by studying the changes of
soil characteristics over time and by comparing soil nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium supply in different fertilizer treatments.
The
results over 40 consecutive seasons showed that the best treatments at both
sites yielded on average 7.1 to 7.5 tons per hectare. Soil organic carbon
remained stable or increased irrespective of fertilizer application. The LTFEs
have shown that intensive monocropping of irrigated rice is sustainable in the
Sahel.
Yields remained stable at around 3
to 4 tons per hectare without the application of any fertilizer. Higher yields could
be obtained by applying nitrogen every season, and phosphorus and potassium
once a year.