In sub-Saharan
Africa, insufficient seed of new varieties has been a barrier to farmers’
adoption of varieties for decades. Moreover, seed systems have almost always
been divorced from the providers of the varieties — the breeders.
According to Dr
Moussa Sié, Africa Rice Breeding Task Force Coordinator, breeders should be
responsible for the production of ‘breeder seed’. When the formal seed sector
works correctly, the seed service will use the breeder seed to produce
‘foundation seed’, which in turn will be given out to so-called outgrowers
(either directly or via a development agency) who will grow ‘certified seed’ —
certification being granted by the seed service after field inspection.
It is the certified seed
that is sold to farmers. Not that AfricaRice envisages a situation in which
every farmer uses certified seed every year — that is just too steep a hill to
climb! Rather, AfricaRice sees a situation in which about a fifth (20%) of the
rice seed used each year continent-wide is certified, and farmers and the informal
seed sector provide the rest. In this way, an average African rice farmer would
‘revert’ to certified seed once every 5 years, and so the quality of rice grain
should be maintained.
Even this vision is a long way from the current situation! “It is
important that those millions of farmers who rely on the informal seed sector —
saving their own seed or acquiring seed from neighbors or local markets — have
access to the best available varieties”, says AfricaRice Deputy Director
General Dr Marco Wopereis. In short, that means making the varieties developed
or selected by the Task Force available to the whole rice-farming community of
the continent.